Information About Science and Technology

 

Science AND Tech:

Science involves the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and analysis, while technology is the application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes. Oxford Reference Books provides 210,000 concise and detailed encyclopedia entries on many topics in these broad disciplines.

 

Our coverage includes authoritative and accessible information on terms, concepts, ideas, systems, people, and organizations related to all areas of science and technology: from astronomy, engineering, physics, computer science and computer science to abstraction, life and earth sciences, chemistry, environmental science, biology and psychology. Written by trusted experts for researchers of all levels, the articles are interspersed with graphic symbols, equations, and graphs throughout.

Importance of science tech   :

I want everyone to understand the scientific method, and in particular the importance of controlled experiments as a means of scientific discovery, but there is no doubt that the most powerful are controlled experiments, not because they are more purposeful or precise than other methods, but the most powerful are undoubtedly controlled experiments, but because only they are able to provide evidence of cause and effect.

 

The defining features of an experiment are the manipulation of a hypothesized causal factor, called the independent variable because it is manipulated independently of other variables, and the testing of its effect on the dependent variable, while simultaneously controlling all other external variables that might affect the dependent variable. In psychological experiments, extraneous variables can rarely be controlled directly, in part because people differ from one another in the way they influence their external behaviour, but this is actually a significant solution to this problem.

Discoveries of tech :

randomization. By randomly assigning subjects or participants to an experimental group and a control group, and then treating both groups the same, with the exception of the manipulated In 1926, the British statistician Ronald Fisher discovered a powerful control method called independent variable (applicable only to the experimental group), the experimenter can control, in one fell swoop , all the differences. Randomization does not guarantee that the two groups will be identical, but any differences between the groups will obey exactly the known laws of probability.

 

Explain the purpose and function of statistical significance tests in psychology. For each observed difference, a significance test allows researchers to calculate the probability that a difference at least as large as the observed difference could have occurred by chance. The researcher then finds out what the probability is of such a large difference based on the null hypothesis – the working hypothesis that the independent variable has no effect. If the probability of the null hypothesis is relatively small (according to convention, usually less than 5%, often written p <0.05), then it is reasonable to conclude that the observed difference is probably not due by chance, and if it is not due. that case, then it must be the cause of the independent variable, because all other variables that can explain it are controlled by randomization. 

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